Verbal reasoning involves understanding spoken ideas, connecting information and explaining why something makes sense. It can be supported through ordinary conversation, stories, interests and short games. The aim is meaningful talk, not an oral test.

Develop one word in context

When an unfamiliar word appears in a story, programme, podcast, article or conversation:

1. explain it simply in that context;

2. connect it with a familiar word, example or opposite;

3. use it in another sentence;

4. bring it back naturally over the next few days.

For example, if a child meets the word reluctant, explain that it means not wanting to do something or feeling unsure about it. Connect it with a character who hesitated, then use it later: “The dog looked reluctant to go into the rain.”

For a young person, pick words from something they are interested in or a current school topic. One well-used word is more useful than a list to memorise.

Compare and connect ideas

During a story or everyday discussion, ask how two people, objects or ideas are alike, different or connected. Model an answer first where needed.

For example: “A map and a set of written directions both help someone find a place, but the map shows the whole route at once.” Invite the child to add another connection using because.

With an older young person, discuss a film, news item or decision. Ask what supports a view, why one event may lead to another or which two explanations fit the evidence best. Offer two possible starting points if they are stuck.

Keep word games brief

Word Association, 20 Questions and Taboo-style clue games can provide a few minutes of playful practice. Occasionally ask why a clue fits or how two words connect. Accept a clear explanation even if the vocabulary is not sophisticated.

Avoid correcting every response, firing a sequence of questions or forcing conversation when the child is tired. Follow their interests and leave space for them to ask questions too.

If finding words, understanding spoken language or explaining ideas causes difficulty across ordinary situations, share a few examples with school.